īased on this passage, Maimonides categorizes daily prayer as one of the 613 commandments. 'You shall serve God with your whole heart' - What service is performed with the heart? This is prayer. Origin and history Biblical origin Īccording to the Babylonian Talmud, prayer is a biblical command:
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Synagogues may designate or employ a professional or lay hazzan (cantor) for the purpose of leading the congregation in prayer, especially on Shabbat or holidays. Most of the Jewish liturgy is sung or chanted with traditional melodies or trope. However the differences are minor compared with the commonalities. Over the last 2000 years, traditional variations have emerged among the traditional liturgical customs of different Jewish communities, such as Ashkenazic, Sephardic, Yemenite, Eretz Yisrael and others, or rather recent liturgical inventions such as Hassidic, and Chabad. Jewish prayerbooks emerged during the early Middle Ages during the period of the Geonim of Babylonia (6th–11th centuries CE). The main structure of the modern prayer service was fixed in the tannaic era (1st-2nd centuries CE), with some additions and the exact text of blessings coming later. The language of the prayers, while clearly from this period, often employs biblical idiom. Ne'ila ( נְעִילָה, "closing"), is recited only on Yom Kippur.Ī distinction is made between individual prayer and communal prayer, which requires a quorum known as a minyan, with communal prayer being preferable as it permits the inclusion of prayers that otherwise would be omitted.Īccording to tradition, many of the current standard prayers were composed by the sages of the Great Assembly in the early Second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE).Musaf ( מוּסָף, "additional") are recited by Orthodox and Conservative congregations on Shabbat, major Jewish holidays (including Chol HaMoed), and Rosh Chodesh.Two additional services are recited on Shabbat and holidays: Evening prayer: Arvit ( עַרְבִית, "of the evening") or Maariv ( מַעֲרִיב, "bringing on night").Afternoon prayer: Mincha or Minha ( מִנְחָה), named for the flour offering that accompanied sacrifices at the Temple in Jerusalem,.Morning prayer: Shacharit or Shaharit ( שַחֲרִית, "of the dawn").Traditionally, three prayer services are recited daily: However, the rabbinic requirement to recite a specific prayer text does differentiate between men and women: Jewish men are obligated to recite three prayers each day within specific time ranges ( zmanim), while, according to many approaches, women are only required to pray once or twice a day, and may not be required to recite a specific text. It is not time-dependent and is mandatory for both Jewish men and women. Prayer, as a "service of the heart", is in principle a Torah-based commandment.
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These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the Siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book. Jewish prayer ( Hebrew: תְּפִלָּה, tefillah plural תְּפִלּוֹת tefillot Yiddish: תּפֿלה, romanized: tfile, plural תּפֿלות tfilles Yinglish: davening / ˈ d ɑː v ən ɪ ŋ/ from Yiddish דאַוון davn 'pray') is the prayer recitation that forms part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism.
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#Morning azan time in peshawar archive
Video-clips of Jews praying, from the archive of the Israeli News Company of Israel's Channel 2